Gangesha Upadhyaya

Gangesha Upadhyaya (13th century) Indian mathematician and philosopher from the kingdom of Mithila. He established the Navya-Nyâya ("New Logic") school. His Tattvacintamani ("The Jewel of Thought on the Nature of Things") is the basic text for all later developments. The logicians of this school were primarily interested in defining their terms and concepts.

Tattvacintamani which composed by Gangesopadhyaya of Mithila, deals with all the important aspects of Indian philosophy, logic, and epistemology and sets a standard for the scholarly discussions over philo-sophical topics in Modern India. The Tattvacintamani, which recognized only the first of the sixteen categories of the Nyaya-sutra, viz., means of valid knowledge (pramana), strictly adhered to the theory of four pramanas, and brought all the other categories under the means of knowledge.

The Sabdakhanda (Word Section), which is divided into sixteen chapters, provides a comprehensive view of word as a means of knowledge with all the relevant topics, viz., the authoritativeness of word, associate causes of word such as speaker's intention, eternality of word, injunctive and other statements, signification (expressive power) and parts of speech (i.e., verbal root, conjugational ending and prefix).

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