Bhaskara-II

Bhaskara-II (1114-1185) is a well-known mathematician of ancient India. He was born in 1114 AD in Vijayapura, India. Bhaskara II is also known as Bhaskaracharya, which means "Bhaskara the Teacher". His father Mahesvara was as an astrologer, who taught him mathematics, which he later passed on to his son Loksamudra.

Bhaskara II was the head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, the chief mathematical center of ancient India. It goes to the credit of Varahamihira and Brahmagupta, the leading mathematicians who worked there and built up this school of mathematical astronomy. He wrote six books and the seventh book, which is attributed to him, is considered to be a forgery. The subjects of his six works are arithmetic, algebra, trigonometry, calculus, geometry, and astronomy. The six works are: Lilavati on mathematics; Bijaganita on algebra; the Siddhantasiromani which is divided into two parts: mathematical astronomy and sphere; the Vasanabhasya of Mitaksara which is Bhaskaracharya's views on the Siddhantasiromani ; the Karanakutuhala or Brahmatulya in which he simplified the concepts of Siddhantasiromani ; and the Vivarana which comments on the Shishyadhividdhidatantra of Lalla. From the mathematical point of view the first three of these works are the most interesting.

Bhaskara II wrote Siddhanta Shiromani at the age of 36 in 1150 AD. This colossal work is divided into four parts Lilawati, Beejaganit, Ganitadhyaya and Goladhyaya and consists of about 1450 verses. Each part of the book consists of huge number of verses and can be considered as a separate book: Lilawati has 278, Beejaganit has 213, Ganitadhyaya has 451 and Goladhyaya has 501 verses. He formulated simple ways of calculations from Arithmetic to Astronomy in this book. He wrote Lilawati is an excellent lucid and poetic language. It has been translated in various languages throughout the world.

Few important contributions of BhaskarII to mathematics are as follows:

Terms for numbers
Bhaskaracharya gave the terms for numbers in multiples of ten which are as follows:
eka(1), dasha(10), shata(100), sahastra(1000), ayuta(10,000), laksha(100,000), prayuta (1,000,000=million), koti(107), arbuda(108), abja(109=billion), kharva (1010), nikharva (1011), mahapadma (1012=trillion), shanku(1013), jaladhi(1014), antya(1015=quadrillion), Madhya (1016) and parardha(1017). (In English, the multiples of 1000 are termed as thousand, million, billion, trillion, quadrillion etc)

Kuttak
Chakrawaal
Simple mathematical methods

He died in 1185 in Ujjain, India

Courtesy:Internet